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#HOWTO: HIT WITH A HAMMER. guidance for beginners (or even teapotsšŸ¤·ā€ā™‚ļø)

Updated: Apr 12, 2020


ree

Comrades!


I do not yet have a single labor movement,


which would be as precisely


and thoroughly


developed in my laboratory as the hitting movement!




- let's get to know the biomechanics a little bit -


Look at these images:

ree

Img. 76. Sequential positions of the right hand with a hammer when chopping with a chisel. The longitudinal axes of the shoulder, forearm and hands are represented by conventionally straight links. White links and hammers are swinging, black - hit. The time interval between adjacent positions is 1/15 sec. Diversionary blow



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Img. 77. Sequential positions of the hand with a hammer in case of an incorrect (vertical) impact. The markings are the same as in Img. 76.




After watching pic. 77 and 76, you should have the undoubted impression that the diversionary blow is built easier than the vertical blow.

You can see in both pictures that the hammer is higher in the pitch movement than in the percussion movement. This is the inevitable thing, so the trajectory of the hammer head will always have the same characteristic shape that resembles a fish.


The final velocity of the striker before the impact with the correct movement should be approximately as many meters per second as decimeters long are the striker's stroke length. When you hit with one hand, usually 0.9 of the entire impact speed is at the expense of the muscles, and only about 0.1 - due to the fall of the hammer from a height.

It is obviously more advantageous to structure the movement so that the centre of gravity of the hand rises as little as possible.

The purpose of the impact is to achieve the known speed of the hammer. From this point of view, both the scope and speed of the hand should be as low as possible, as they do not bring immediate benefit. The swing and impact speed of the hammer should be as high as possible, and the recoil speed of the hammer again should not be high.




ree

(Img. 81.) In this picture, pay attention to the huge tails that descend from each trajectory in the moment of impact down. It's a kickback, a hammer that takes off after the blow down. In these cases, not all of the hammer's live force is used to strike; a significant part of it is rebound; this part is the greater the inclination of the hammer's impact direction to the axis with the chisel. All this part is obviously lost on impact; moreover, it still has to be stopped by hand.



Img. 81. Cyclogram of chopping with a chisel. Vertical blow with a great kickback. Filmed by the author in CIT



ree

On this cyclogram there's another superfluous movement here, much more formidable than the one we noticed when the hammer bounced off the chisel. It's a terrible thing because it's seen in all the vertical blows without exception. The hammer starts to gain speed on its impact path, accelerate, only when it starts to move along itself. The conclusion is this: the entire piece of swing associated with the hammer backward and the entire piece of impact movement that brings it back to a reasonable position is an unnecessary loss of time and energy.


Img. 82. Cyclogram of chopping with a chisel.

Vertical blow with exaggerated deep drift of the hammer.

Filmed by the author in CIT.



The swing is done by extension of the shoulder. At the same time, the elbow rotates and bends slightly. Starting from the middle of the swing, the arm starts to brake the hammer which has been thrown backwards elastically. The braking is done by slowly turning on the elbow extensor and the wide back muscle; at the very end of the swing, the tension of the leading muscles of the hand begins. By the end of the impact, the brush makes a sharp throw, consisting of a reduction and a small fraction of the supination. At the same time, the speed acquired by the forearm is slowed down by the elbow bender


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Img.84.Skidding of the hand and hammer according to Norms Nos.4,6 and 8.View 1) rear, 2) right.


When the links of the arms begin to brake their flight, when the movement is correct, they are transmitted to the hammer: they brake, but the hammer, on the contrary, accelerates. The most recent period before the impact, which is expressed in the hammer's last and decisive flight, is accompanied by a sharp slowdown in all links of the hand.


And here is the mechanical meaning of everything that happens in the last moments before the impact, which comes down to the fact that all the living force accumulated before with all the links of the hand should be urgently transferred to the hammer.



Sources:

Bernstein N.A.

Biomechanics for instructors

Lecture 10-th

Publishing house: Moscow: New Moscow

Year: 1926

Retrieved from:

Товарищи!ŠÆ не Ń€Š°ŃŠæŠ¾Š»Š°Š³Š°ŃŽ пока что ни оГним Ń‚Ń€ŃƒŠ“Š¾Š²Ń‹Š¼ Гвижением, которое было бы так же точно Šø поГробно разработано в моей лаборатории, как Гвижение ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š°.

Рис. 76. ŠŸŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Šµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ правой Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø с молотком при Ń€ŃƒŠ±ŠŗŠµ зубилом. ŠŸŃ€Š¾Š“Š¾Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Šµ оси плеча, ŠæŃ€ŠµŠ“ŠæŠ»ŠµŃ‡ŃŒŃ Šø кисти изображены условно ŠæŃ€ŃŠ¼Š¾Š»ŠøŠ½ŠµŠ¹Š½Ń‹Š¼Šø Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃŠ¼Šø. Белые Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃ Šø молотки — замах, черные — ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€. ŠŸŃ€Š¾Š¼ŠµŠ¶ŃƒŃ‚Š¾Šŗ времени межГу смежными ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃŠ¼Šø — 1/15 сек.

Рис. 77. ŠŸŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Šµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø с молотком при Š½ŠµŠæŃ€Š°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼ (Š²ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼) ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Šµ. ŠžŠ±Š¾Š·Š½Š°Ń‡ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ те же, что Šø на рис. 76.


После просмотра Ń€ŠøŃŃƒŠ½ŠŗŠ¾Š² 77 Šø 76 у вас Голжно Š¾ŃŃ‚Š°Ń‚ŃŒŃŃ несомненное впечатление, что отвоГной ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€ построен проще, нежели ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€ Š²ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹.

Š’Ń‹ виГите, как на том, так Šø на Š“Ń€ŃƒŠ³Š¾Š¼ Ń€ŠøŃŃƒŠ½ŠŗŠµ, что в замашном Гвижении молоток иГет Š²Ń‹ŃˆŠµ, чем в ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š¼ Гвижении. Это ŠµŃŃ‚ŃŒ Š²ŠµŃ‰ŃŒ Š½ŠµŠøŠ·Š±ŠµŠ¶Š½Š°Ń, ŠæŠ¾ŃŃ‚Š¾Š¼Ńƒ всегГа Ń‚Ń€Š°ŠµŠŗŃ‚Š¾Ń€ŠøŃ головки молотка Š±ŃƒŠ“ет ŠøŠ¼ŠµŃ‚ŃŒ ту же Ń…Š°Ń€Š°ŠŗŃ‚ŠµŃ€Š½ŃƒŃŽ Ń„Š¾Ń€Š¼Ńƒ, Š½Š°ŠæŠ¾Š¼ŠøŠ½Š°ŃŽŃ‰ŃƒŃŽ Ń€Ń‹Š±Ńƒ.

ŠšŠ¾Š½ŠµŃ‡Š½Š°Ń ŃŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ бойка переГ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š¾Š¼ при ŠæŃ€Š°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼ Гвижении Голжна ŃŠ¾ŃŃ‚Š°Š²Š»ŃŃ‚ŃŒ ŠæŃ€ŠøŠ±Š»ŠøŠ·ŠøŃ‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾ ŃŃ‚Š¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾ метров в секунГу, сколько Гециметров имеет в Глину размах бойка. ŠŸŃ€Šø ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Šµ оГной Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠ¾Š¹ обычно 0,9 всей ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š¹ скорости ŠæŠ¾Š»ŃƒŃ‡Š°ŠµŃ‚ŃŃ за счет Š¼Ń‹ŃˆŃ†, Šø Ń‚Š¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾, примерно, 0,1 — за счет ŠæŠ°Š“ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ молотка с высоты

ВыгоГнее ŃŃ‚Ń€Š¾ŠøŃ‚ŃŒ Гвижение так, чтобы центр Ń‚ŃŠ¶ŠµŃŃ‚Šø Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø ŠæŠ¾Š“Š½ŠøŠ¼Š°Š»ŃŃ возможно меньше, а молоток в то же самое Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼Ń — как можно больше.

Ń†ŠµŠ»ŃŒ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š° состоит в Гостижении известной скорости молотка. Š” ŃŃ‚Š¾Š¹ точки Š·Ń€ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Šø размахи, Šø скорости Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø Голжны Š±Ń‹Ń‚ŃŒ как можно меньше, так как непосреГственной ŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠ·Ń‹ они не ŠæŃ€ŠøŠ½Š¾ŃŃŃ‚. Размах Šø ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š°Ń ŃŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ молотка Голжны Š±Ń‹Ń‚ŃŒ как можно больше.


(рис. 81.) ŠŠ° ŃŃ‚Š¾Š¼ снимке обратите внимание на огромные хвосты, которые ŃŠæŃƒŃŠŗŠ°ŃŽŃ‚ŃŃ от кажГой траектории в мгновение ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š° вниз. Это отГача, отлет молотка после ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š° вниз. Š’ ŃŃ‚ŠøŃ… ŃŠ»ŃƒŃ‡Š°ŃŃ… не Š²ŃŃ Š¶ŠøŠ²Š°Ń сила молотка ŠøŃŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠ·ŃƒŠµŃ‚ся Š“Š»Ń ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š°; Š·Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŃ‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š°Ń Ń‡Š°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ ее иГет на отскок; ŃŃ‚Š° Ń‡Š°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ тем больше, чем Š·Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŃ‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½ŠµŠ¹ был наклон Š½Š°ŠæŃ€Š°Š²Š»ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š° Šŗ оси зубилом. Š’ŃŃ ŃŃ‚Š° Ń‡Š°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ, очевиГно, при ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Šµ Ń‚ŠµŃ€ŃŠµŃ‚ŃŃ; мало того, ее еще ŠæŃ€ŠøŃ…Š¾Š“ŠøŃ‚ŃŃ Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃ‚ŃŒ Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠ¾Š¹.

Рис. 81. Циклограмма Ń€ŃƒŠ±ŠŗŠø зубилом. Š’ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€ с большой отГачей. Š”Š½ŃŃ‚Š¾ автором в ЦИТ'е.

Рис. 82. Циклограмма Ń€ŃƒŠ±ŠŗŠø зубилом. Š’ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€ с ŠæŃ€ŠµŃƒŠ²ŠµŠ»ŠøŃ‡ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾-глубоким заносом молотка. Š”Š½ŃŃ‚Š¾ автором в ЦИТ'е.

ŠŠ° ŃŃ‚Š¾Š¹ циклограмме ŃŠŗŃ€Ń‹Š²Š°ŠµŃ‚ŃŃ еще оГно лишнее Гвижение, Šø притом горазГо более грозное, чем то, которое мы заметили при отскоке молотка от зубила вниз. Грозное оно ŠæŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Š¼Ńƒ, что Š½Š°Š±Š»ŃŽŠ“Š°ŠµŃ‚ŃŃ уже во всех Š²ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Ń… ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š°Ń… без ŠøŃŠŗŠ»ŃŽŃ‡ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ. ŠœŠ¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ начинает на своем ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š¼ ŠæŃƒŃ‚Šø ŠæŃ€ŠøŠ¾Š±Ń€ŠµŃ‚Š°Ń‚ŃŒ ŃŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ, Ń€Š°Š·Š³Š¾Š½ŃŃ‚ŃŒŃŃ, Ń‚Š¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾ тогГа, когГа он начнет Š“Š²ŠøŠ³Š°Ń‚ŃŒŃŃ вГоль самого ŃŠµŠ±Ń. ВывоГ таков: весь кусок замаха, ŃŠ²ŃŠ·Š°Š½Š½Ń‹Š¹ с завалом молотка назаГ, Šø весь кусок ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š³Š¾ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ, Š²Š¾Š·Š²Ń€Š°Ń‰Š°ŃŽŃ‰ŠøŠ¹ его обратно в Ń€Š°Š·ŃƒŠ¼Š½Š¾Šµ положение, ŠæŃ€ŠµŠ“ŃŃ‚Š°Š²Š»ŃŠµŃ‚ ŃŠ¾Š±Š¾ŃŽ Š½ŠµŠ½ŃƒŠ¶Š½ŃƒŃŽ ŠæŠ¾Ń‚ŠµŃ€ŃŽ времени Šø силы.

Рис. 84. Занос Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø Šø молотка по Š½Š¾Ń€Š¼Š°Š»ŃŠ¼ ā„–ā„– 4, 6 Šø 8. Š’ŠøŠ“ 1) сзаГи, 2) справа.

Замах ŃŠ¾Š²ŠµŃ€ŃˆŠ°ŠµŃ‚ŃŃ с ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾Ń‰ŃŒŃŽ Ń€Š°Š·Š³ŠøŠ±Š°Š½ŠøŃ плеча. ŠžŠ“Š½Š¾Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾ с ŃŃ‚ŠøŠ¼ происхоГит вращение Šø ŃƒŠ¼ŠµŃ€ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Šµ сгибание Š»Š¾ŠŗŃ‚я. ŠŠ°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°Ń, примерно, с сереГины замаха, Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠ° начинает ŃƒŠæŃ€ŃƒŠ³Š¾ Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃ‚ŃŒ Ń€Š°Š·Š»ŠµŃ‚ŠµŠ²ŃˆŠøŠ¹ŃŃ назаГ молоток. Торможение Š¾ŃŃƒŃ‰ŠµŃŃ‚Š²Š»ŃŠµŃ‚ŃŃ меГленным Š²ŠŗŠ»ŃŽŃ‡ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼ Ń€Š°Š·Š³ŠøŠ±Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»Ń Š»Š¾ŠŗŃ‚Ń Šø ŃˆŠøŃ€Š¾ŠŗŠ¾Š¹ Š¼Ń‹ŃˆŃ†Ń‹ спины; в самом конце замаха Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃ‚ся Š½Š°ŠæŃ€ŃŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ ŠæŃ€ŠøŠ²Š¾Š“ŃŃ‰ŠøŃ… Š¼Ń‹ŃˆŃ† кисти. К ŠŗŠ¾Š½Ń†Ńƒ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š° ŠŗŠøŃŃ‚ŃŒ Гелает резкий бросок, ŃŠ»Š°Š³Š°ŃŽŃ‰ŠøŠ¹ŃŃ ŠøŠ· ŠæŃ€ŠøŠ²ŠµŠ“ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Šø небольшой Голи ŃŃƒŠæŠøŠ½Š°Ń†ŠøŠø. Š’ то же Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼Ń ŃŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ, ŠæŃ€ŠøŠ¾Š±Ń€ŠµŃ‚ŠµŠ½Š½Š°Ń ŠæŃ€ŠµŠ“ŠæŠ»ŠµŃ‡ŃŒŠµŠ¼, Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃ‚ŃŃ с ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾Ń‰ŃŒŃŽ ŃŠ³ŠøŠ±Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»Ń Š»Š¾ŠŗŃ‚Ń.

КогГа Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃ Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°ŃŽŃ‚ Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃ‚ŃŒ свой полет, то при ŠæŃ€Š°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼ Гвижении Š¶ŠøŠ²Š°Ń сила ŠøŃ… ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“Š°ŠµŃ‚ŃŃ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŃƒ: они Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·ŃŃ‚ŃŃ, а молоток, наоборот, Ń€Š°Š·Š³Š¾Š½ŃŠµŃ‚ŃŃ. Тот самый послеГний периоГ переГ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š¾Š¼, который Š²Ń‹Ń€Š°Š¶Š°ŠµŃ‚ся у молотка послеГним Šø Ń€ŠµŃˆŠøŃ‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¼ разлетом, у всех звеньев Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø ŃŠ¾ŠæŃ€Š¾Š²Š¾Š¶Š“Š°ŠµŃ‚ŃŃ резким замеГлением.

И вот механический смысл всего, что происхоГит в послеГние Š¼Š³Š½Š¾Š²ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ переГ ŃƒŠ“Š°Ń€Š¾Š¼, Šø ŃŠ²Š¾Š“ŠøŃ‚ŃŃ Šŗ Ń‚Š¾Š¼Ńƒ, чтобы Š²ŃŃŽ Š¶ŠøŠ²ŃƒŃŽ силу, Š½Š°ŠŗŠ¾ŠæŠ»ŠµŠ½Š½ŃƒŃŽ переГ ŃŃ‚ŠøŠ¼ всеми Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃŠ¼Šø Ń€ŃƒŠŗŠø, срочно ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠæŃ€Š°Š²ŠøŃ‚ŃŒ в молоток.

ŠšŠ¾Š¼Š¼ŠµŠ½Ń‚Š°Ń€ŠøŠø


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