Comrades!
I do not yet have a single labor movement,
which would be as precisely
and thoroughly
developed in my laboratory as the hitting movement!
- let's get to know the biomechanics a little bit -
Look at these images:
Img. 76. Sequential positions of the right hand with a hammer when chopping with a chisel. The longitudinal axes of the shoulder, forearm and hands are represented by conventionally straight links. White links and hammers are swinging, black - hit. The time interval between adjacent positions is 1/15 sec. Diversionary blow
Img. 77. Sequential positions of the hand with a hammer in case of an incorrect (vertical) impact. The markings are the same as in Img. 76.
After watching pic. 77 and 76, you should have the undoubted impression that the diversionary blow is built easier than the vertical blow.
You can see in both pictures that the hammer is higher in the pitch movement than in the percussion movement. This is the inevitable thing, so the trajectory of the hammer head will always have the same characteristic shape that resembles a fish.
The final velocity of the striker before the impact with the correct movement should be approximately as many meters per second as decimeters long are the striker's stroke length. When you hit with one hand, usually 0.9 of the entire impact speed is at the expense of the muscles, and only about 0.1 - due to the fall of the hammer from a height.
It is obviously more advantageous to structure the movement so that the centre of gravity of the hand rises as little as possible.
The purpose of the impact is to achieve the known speed of the hammer. From this point of view, both the scope and speed of the hand should be as low as possible, as they do not bring immediate benefit. The swing and impact speed of the hammer should be as high as possible, and the recoil speed of the hammer again should not be high.
(Img. 81.) In this picture, pay attention to the huge tails that descend from each trajectory in the moment of impact down. It's a kickback, a hammer that takes off after the blow down. In these cases, not all of the hammer's live force is used to strike; a significant part of it is rebound; this part is the greater the inclination of the hammer's impact direction to the axis with the chisel. All this part is obviously lost on impact; moreover, it still has to be stopped by hand.
Img. 81. Cyclogram of chopping with a chisel. Vertical blow with a great kickback. Filmed by the author in CIT
On this cyclogram there's another superfluous movement here, much more formidable than the one we noticed when the hammer bounced off the chisel. It's a terrible thing because it's seen in all the vertical blows without exception. The hammer starts to gain speed on its impact path, accelerate, only when it starts to move along itself. The conclusion is this: the entire piece of swing associated with the hammer backward and the entire piece of impact movement that brings it back to a reasonable position is an unnecessary loss of time and energy.
Img. 82. Cyclogram of chopping with a chisel.
Vertical blow with exaggerated deep drift of the hammer.
Filmed by the author in CIT.
The swing is done by extension of the shoulder. At the same time, the elbow rotates and bends slightly. Starting from the middle of the swing, the arm starts to brake the hammer which has been thrown backwards elastically. The braking is done by slowly turning on the elbow extensor and the wide back muscle; at the very end of the swing, the tension of the leading muscles of the hand begins. By the end of the impact, the brush makes a sharp throw, consisting of a reduction and a small fraction of the supination. At the same time, the speed acquired by the forearm is slowed down by the elbow bender
Img.84.Skidding of the hand and hammer according to Norms Nos.4,6 and 8.View 1) rear, 2) right.
When the links of the arms begin to brake their flight, when the movement is correct, they are transmitted to the hammer: they brake, but the hammer, on the contrary, accelerates. The most recent period before the impact, which is expressed in the hammer's last and decisive flight, is accompanied by a sharp slowdown in all links of the hand.
And here is the mechanical meaning of everything that happens in the last moments before the impact, which comes down to the fact that all the living force accumulated before with all the links of the hand should be urgently transferred to the hammer.
Sources:
Bernstein N.A.
Biomechanics for instructors
Lecture 10-th
Publishing house: Moscow: New Moscow
Year: 1926
Retrieved from:
Š¢Š¾Š²Š°ŃŠøŃŠø!ŠÆ Š½Šµ ŃŠ°ŃŠæŠ¾Š»Š°Š³Š°Ń ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ° ŃŃŠ¾ Š½Šø Š¾Š“Š½ŠøŠ¼ ŃŃŃŠ“Š¾Š²ŃŠ¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Šµ Š±ŃŠ»Š¾ Š±Ń ŃŠ°Šŗ Š¶Šµ ŃŠ¾ŃŠ½Š¾ Šø ŠæŠ¾Š“ŃŠ¾Š±Š½Š¾ ŃŠ°Š·ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠ°Š½Š¾ Š² Š¼Š¾ŠµŠ¹ Š»Š°Š±Š¾ŃŠ°ŃŠ¾ŃŠøŠø, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ°.
Š ŠøŃ. 76. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°ŃŠµŠ»ŃŠ½ŃŠµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŠæŃŠ°Š²Š¾Š¹ ŃŃŠŗŠø Ń Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ¾Š¼ ŠæŃŠø ŃŃŠ±ŠŗŠµ Š·ŃŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. ŠŃŠ¾Š“Š¾Š»ŃŠ½ŃŠµ Š¾ŃŠø ŠæŠ»ŠµŃŠ°, ŠæŃŠµŠ“ŠæŠ»ŠµŃŃŃ Šø ŠŗŠøŃŃŠø ŠøŠ·Š¾Š±ŃŠ°Š¶ŠµŠ½Ń ŃŃŠ»Š¾Š²Š½Š¾ ŠæŃŃŠ¼Š¾Š»ŠøŠ½ŠµŠ¹Š½ŃŠ¼Šø Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŃŠ¼Šø. ŠŠµŠ»ŃŠµ Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŃ Šø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠø ā Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń , ŃŠµŃŠ½ŃŠµ ā ŃŠ“Š°Ń. ŠŃŠ¾Š¼ŠµŠ¶ŃŃŠ¾Šŗ Š²ŃŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Šø Š¼ŠµŠ¶Š“Ń ŃŠ¼ŠµŠ¶Š½ŃŠ¼Šø ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃŠ¼Šø ā 1/15 ŃŠµŠŗ.
Š ŠøŃ. 77. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°ŃŠµŠ»ŃŠ½ŃŠµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŃŃŠŗŠø Ń Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ¾Š¼ ŠæŃŠø Š½ŠµŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼ (Š²ŠµŃŃŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼) ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠµ. ŠŠ±Š¾Š·Š½Š°ŃŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŃŠµ Š¶Šµ, ŃŃŠ¾ Šø Š½Š° ŃŠøŃ. 76.
ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŠæŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾ŃŃŠ° ŃŠøŃŃŠ½ŠŗŠ¾Š² 77 Šø 76 Ń Š²Š°Ń Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Š¾ Š¾ŃŃŠ°ŃŃŃŃ Š½ŠµŃŠ¾Š¼Š½ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Šµ Š²ŠæŠµŃŠ°ŃŠ»ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ, ŃŃŠ¾ Š¾ŃŠ²Š¾Š“Š½Š¾Š¹ ŃŠ“Š°Ń ŠæŠ¾ŃŃŃŠ¾ŠµŠ½ ŠæŃŠ¾ŃŠµ, Š½ŠµŠ¶ŠµŠ»Šø ŃŠ“Š°Ń Š²ŠµŃŃŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŠ½ŃŠ¹.
ŠŃ Š²ŠøŠ“ŠøŃŠµ, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½Š° ŃŠ¾Š¼, ŃŠ°Šŗ Šø Š½Š° Š“ŃŃŠ³Š¾Š¼ ŃŠøŃŃŠ½ŠŗŠµ, ŃŃŠ¾ Š² Š·Š°Š¼Š°ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ Š²ŃŃŠµ, ŃŠµŠ¼ Š² ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø. ŠŃŠ¾ ŠµŃŃŃ Š²ŠµŃŃ Š½ŠµŠøŠ·Š±ŠµŠ¶Š½Š°Ń, ŠæŠ¾ŃŃŠ¾Š¼Ń Š²ŃŠµŠ³Š“Š° ŃŃŠ°ŠµŠŗŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃ Š³Š¾Š»Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° Š±ŃŠ“ŠµŃ ŠøŠ¼ŠµŃŃ ŃŃ Š¶Šµ Ń Š°ŃŠ°ŠŗŃŠµŃŠ½ŃŃ ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Ń, Š½Š°ŠæŠ¾Š¼ŠøŠ½Š°ŃŃŃŃ ŃŃŠ±Ń.
ŠŠ¾Š½ŠµŃŠ½Š°Ń ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŃ Š±Š¾Š¹ŠŗŠ° ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ¾Š¼ ŠæŃŠø ŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Š° ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠ°Š²Š»ŃŃŃ ŠæŃŠøŠ±Š»ŠøŠ·ŠøŃŠµŠ»ŃŠ½Š¾ ŃŃŠ¾Š»ŃŠŗŠ¾ Š¼ŠµŃŃŠ¾Š² Š² ŃŠµŠŗŃŠ½Š“Ń, ŃŠŗŠ¾Š»ŃŠŗŠ¾ Š“ŠµŃŠøŠ¼ŠµŃŃŠ¾Š² ŠøŠ¼ŠµŠµŃ Š² Š“Š»ŠøŠ½Ń ŃŠ°Š·Š¼Š°Ń Š±Š¾Š¹ŠŗŠ°. ŠŃŠø ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠµ Š¾Š“Š½Š¾Š¹ ŃŃŠŗŠ¾Š¹ Š¾Š±ŃŃŠ½Š¾ 0,9 Š²ŃŠµŠ¹ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ½Š¾Š¹ ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠø ŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŃŠ°ŠµŃŃŃ Š·Š° ŃŃŠµŃ Š¼ŃŃŃ, Šø ŃŠ¾Š»ŃŠŗŠ¾, ŠæŃŠøŠ¼ŠµŃŠ½Š¾, 0,1 ā Š·Š° ŃŃŠµŃ ŠæŠ°Š“ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° Ń Š²ŃŃŠ¾ŃŃ
ŠŃŠ³Š¾Š“Š½ŠµŠµ ŃŃŃŠ¾ŠøŃŃ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ ŃŠ°Šŗ, ŃŃŠ¾Š±Ń ŃŠµŠ½ŃŃ ŃŃŠ¶ŠµŃŃŠø ŃŃŠŗŠø ŠæŠ¾Š“Š½ŠøŠ¼Š°Š»ŃŃ Š²Š¾Š·Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š¼ŠµŠ½ŃŃŠµ, Š° Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ Š² ŃŠ¾ Š¶Šµ ŃŠ°Š¼Š¾Šµ Š²ŃŠµŠ¼Ń ā ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š±Š¾Š»ŃŃŠµ.
ŃŠµŠ»Ń ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ° ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠ¾ŠøŃ Š² Š“Š¾ŃŃŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø ŠøŠ·Š²ŠµŃŃŠ½Š¾Š¹ ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ°. Š” ŃŃŠ¾Š¹ ŃŠ¾ŃŠŗŠø Š·ŃŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Šø ŃŠ°Š·Š¼Š°Ń Šø, Šø ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠø Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŃŃŠŗŠø Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Ń Š±ŃŃŃ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š¼ŠµŠ½ŃŃŠµ, ŃŠ°Šŗ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½ŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŃŠµŠ“ŃŃŠ²ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Š¹ ŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŠ·Ń Š¾Š½Šø Š½Šµ ŠæŃŠøŠ½Š¾ŃŃŃ. Š Š°Š·Š¼Š°Ń Šø ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ½Š°Ń ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŃ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Ń Š±ŃŃŃ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š±Š¾Š»ŃŃŠµ.
(ŃŠøŃ. 81.) ŠŠ° ŃŃŠ¾Š¼ ŃŠ½ŠøŠ¼ŠŗŠµ Š¾Š±ŃŠ°ŃŠøŃŠµ Š²Š½ŠøŠ¼Š°Š½ŠøŠµ Š½Š° Š¾Š³ŃŠ¾Š¼Š½ŃŠµ Ń Š²Š¾ŃŃŃ, ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠµ ŃŠæŃŃŠŗŠ°ŃŃŃŃ Š¾Ń ŠŗŠ°Š¶Š“Š¾Š¹ ŃŃŠ°ŠµŠŗŃŠ¾ŃŠøŠø Š² Š¼Š³Š½Š¾Š²ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ° Š²Š½ŠøŠ·. ŠŃŠ¾ Š¾ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ°, Š¾ŃŠ»ŠµŃ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ° Š²Š½ŠøŠ·. Š ŃŃŠøŃ ŃŠ»ŃŃŠ°ŃŃ Š½Šµ Š²ŃŃ Š¶ŠøŠ²Š°Ń ŃŠøŠ»Š° Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° ŠøŃŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŠ·ŃŠµŃŃŃ Š“Š»Ń ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ°; Š·Š½Š°ŃŠøŃŠµŠ»ŃŠ½Š°Ń ŃŠ°ŃŃŃ ŠµŠµ ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ Š½Š° Š¾ŃŃŠŗŠ¾Šŗ; ŃŃŠ° ŃŠ°ŃŃŃ ŃŠµŠ¼ Š±Š¾Š»ŃŃŠµ, ŃŠµŠ¼ Š·Š½Š°ŃŠøŃŠµŠ»ŃŠ½ŠµŠ¹ Š±ŃŠ» Š½Š°ŠŗŠ»Š¾Š½ Š½Š°ŠæŃŠ°Š²Š»ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ° Šŗ Š¾ŃŠø Š·ŃŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. ŠŃŃ ŃŃŠ° ŃŠ°ŃŃŃ, Š¾ŃŠµŠ²ŠøŠ“Š½Š¾, ŠæŃŠø ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠµ ŃŠµŃŃŠµŃŃŃ; Š¼Š°Š»Š¾ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠµŠµ ŠµŃŠµ ŠæŃŠøŃ Š¾Š“ŠøŃŃŃ ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃŃ ŃŃŠŗŠ¾Š¹.
Š ŠøŃ. 81. Š¦ŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾Š³ŃŠ°Š¼Š¼Š° ŃŃŠ±ŠŗŠø Š·ŃŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. ŠŠµŃŃŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŠ½ŃŠ¹ ŃŠ“Š°Ń Ń Š±Š¾Š»ŃŃŠ¾Š¹ Š¾ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠµŠ¹. Š”Š½ŃŃŠ¾ Š°Š²ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š¼ Š² Š¦ŠŠ¢'Šµ.
Š ŠøŃ. 82. Š¦ŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾Š³ŃŠ°Š¼Š¼Š° ŃŃŠ±ŠŗŠø Š·ŃŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. ŠŠµŃŃŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŠ½ŃŠ¹ ŃŠ“Š°Ń Ń ŠæŃŠµŃŠ²ŠµŠ»ŠøŃŠµŠ½Š½Š¾-Š³Š»ŃŠ±Š¾ŠŗŠøŠ¼ Š·Š°Š½Š¾ŃŠ¾Š¼ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ°. Š”Š½ŃŃŠ¾ Š°Š²ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š¼ Š² Š¦ŠŠ¢'Šµ.
ŠŠ° ŃŃŠ¾Š¹ ŃŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾Š³ŃŠ°Š¼Š¼Šµ ŃŠŗŃŃŠ²Š°ŠµŃŃŃ ŠµŃŠµ Š¾Š“Š½Š¾ Š»ŠøŃŠ½ŠµŠµ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ, Šø ŠæŃŠøŃŠ¾Š¼ Š³Š¾ŃŠ°Š·Š“Š¾ Š±Š¾Š»ŠµŠµ Š³ŃŠ¾Š·Š½Š¾Šµ, ŃŠµŠ¼ ŃŠ¾, ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Šµ Š¼Ń Š·Š°Š¼ŠµŃŠøŠ»Šø ŠæŃŠø Š¾ŃŃŠŗŠ¾ŠŗŠµ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° Š¾Ń Š·ŃŠ±ŠøŠ»Š° Š²Š½ŠøŠ·. ŠŃŠ¾Š·Š½Š¾Šµ Š¾Š½Š¾ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š¼Ń, ŃŃŠ¾ Š½Š°Š±Š»ŃŠ“Š°ŠµŃŃŃ ŃŠ¶Šµ Š²Š¾ Š²ŃŠµŃ Š²ŠµŃŃŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŠ½ŃŃ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ°Ń Š±ŠµŠ· ŠøŃŠŗŠ»ŃŃŠµŠ½ŠøŃ. ŠŠ¾Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ Š½Š°ŃŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃ Š½Š° ŃŠ²Š¾ŠµŠ¼ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼ ŠæŃŃŠø ŠæŃŠøŠ¾Š±ŃŠµŃŠ°ŃŃ ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŃ, ŃŠ°Š·Š³Š¾Š½ŃŃŃŃŃ, ŃŠ¾Š»ŃŠŗŠ¾ ŃŠ¾Š³Š“Š°, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½ Š½Š°ŃŠ½ŠµŃ Š“Š²ŠøŠ³Š°ŃŃŃŃ Š²Š“Š¾Š»Ń ŃŠ°Š¼Š¾Š³Š¾ ŃŠµŠ±Ń. ŠŃŠ²Š¾Š“ ŃŠ°ŠŗŠ¾Š²: Š²ŠµŃŃ ŠŗŃŃŠ¾Šŗ Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń Š°, ŃŠ²ŃŠ·Š°Š½Š½ŃŠ¹ Ń Š·Š°Š²Š°Š»Š¾Š¼ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° Š½Š°Š·Š°Š“, Šø Š²ŠµŃŃ ŠŗŃŃŠ¾Šŗ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ½Š¾Š³Š¾ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ, Š²Š¾Š·Š²ŃŠ°ŃŠ°ŃŃŠøŠ¹ ŠµŠ³Š¾ Š¾Š±ŃŠ°ŃŠ½Š¾ Š² ŃŠ°Š·ŃŠ¼Š½Š¾Šµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ, ŠæŃŠµŠ“ŃŃŠ°Š²Š»ŃŠµŃ ŃŠ¾Š±Š¾Ń Š½ŠµŠ½ŃŠ¶Š½ŃŃ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠµŃŃ Š²ŃŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Šø Šø ŃŠøŠ»Ń.
Š ŠøŃ. 84. ŠŠ°Š½Š¾Ń ŃŃŠŗŠø Šø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° ŠæŠ¾ Š½Š¾ŃŠ¼Š°Š»ŃŠ¼ āā 4, 6 Šø 8. ŠŠøŠ“ 1) ŃŠ·Š°Š“Šø, 2) ŃŠæŃŠ°Š²Š°.
ŠŠ°Š¼Š°Ń ŃŠ¾Š²ŠµŃŃŠ°ŠµŃŃŃ Ń ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾ŃŃŃ ŃŠ°Š·Š³ŠøŠ±Š°Š½ŠøŃ ŠæŠ»ŠµŃŠ°. ŠŠ“Š½Š¾Š²ŃŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾ Ń ŃŃŠøŠ¼ ŠæŃŠ¾ŠøŃŃ Š¾Š“ŠøŃ Š²ŃŠ°ŃŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ Šø ŃŠ¼ŠµŃŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Šµ ŃŠ³ŠøŠ±Š°Š½ŠøŠµ Š»Š¾ŠŗŃŃ. ŠŠ°ŃŠøŠ½Š°Ń, ŠæŃŠøŠ¼ŠµŃŠ½Š¾, Ń ŃŠµŃŠµŠ“ŠøŠ½Ń Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń Š°, ŃŃŠŗŠ° Š½Š°ŃŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃ ŃŠæŃŃŠ³Š¾ ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃŃ ŃŠ°Š·Š»ŠµŃŠµŠ²ŃŠøŠ¹ŃŃ Š½Š°Š·Š°Š“ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ. Š¢Š¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ Š¾ŃŃŃŠµŃŃŠ²Š»ŃŠµŃŃŃ Š¼ŠµŠ“Š»ŠµŠ½Š½ŃŠ¼ Š²ŠŗŠ»ŃŃŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼ ŃŠ°Š·Š³ŠøŠ±Š°ŃŠµŠ»Ń Š»Š¾ŠŗŃŃ Šø ŃŠøŃŠ¾ŠŗŠ¾Š¹ Š¼ŃŃŃŃ ŃŠæŠøŠ½Ń; Š² ŃŠ°Š¼Š¾Š¼ ŠŗŠ¾Š½ŃŠµ Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń Š° Š½Š°ŃŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃŃŃ Š½Š°ŠæŃŃŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ ŠæŃŠøŠ²Š¾Š“ŃŃŠøŃ Š¼ŃŃŃ ŠŗŠøŃŃŠø. Š ŠŗŠ¾Š½ŃŃ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ° ŠŗŠøŃŃŃ Š“ŠµŠ»Š°ŠµŃ ŃŠµŠ·ŠŗŠøŠ¹ Š±ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ, ŃŠ»Š°Š³Š°ŃŃŠøŠ¹ŃŃ ŠøŠ· ŠæŃŠøŠ²ŠµŠ“ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ Šø Š½ŠµŠ±Š¾Š»ŃŃŠ¾Š¹ Š“Š¾Š»Šø ŃŃŠæŠøŠ½Š°ŃŠøŠø. Š ŃŠ¾ Š¶Šµ Š²ŃŠµŠ¼Ń ŃŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŃ, ŠæŃŠøŠ¾Š±ŃŠµŃŠµŠ½Š½Š°Ń ŠæŃŠµŠ“ŠæŠ»ŠµŃŃŠµŠ¼, ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃŃŃ Ń ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾ŃŃŃ ŃŠ³ŠøŠ±Š°ŃŠµŠ»Ń Š»Š¾ŠŗŃŃ.
ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŃ ŃŃŠŗŠø Š½Š°ŃŠøŠ½Š°ŃŃ ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Š·ŠøŃŃ ŃŠ²Š¾Š¹ ŠæŠ¾Š»ŠµŃ, ŃŠ¾ ŠæŃŠø ŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø Š¶ŠøŠ²Š°Ń ŃŠøŠ»Š° ŠøŃ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“Š°ŠµŃŃŃ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŃ: Š¾Š½Šø ŃŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Š·ŃŃŃŃ, Š° Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ, Š½Š°Š¾Š±Š¾ŃŠ¾Ń, ŃŠ°Š·Š³Š¾Š½ŃŠµŃŃŃ. Š¢Š¾Ń ŃŠ°Š¼ŃŠ¹ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠøŠ¹ ŠæŠµŃŠøŠ¾Š“ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ¾Š¼, ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠ¾ŃŃŠ¹ Š²ŃŃŠ°Š¶Š°ŠµŃŃŃ Ń Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠŗŠ° ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠøŠ¼ Šø ŃŠµŃŠøŃŠµŠ»ŃŠ½ŃŠ¼ ŃŠ°Š·Š»ŠµŃŠ¾Š¼, Ń Š²ŃŠµŃ Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŠµŠ² ŃŃŠŗŠø ŃŠ¾ŠæŃŠ¾Š²Š¾Š¶Š“Š°ŠµŃŃŃ ŃŠµŠ·ŠŗŠøŠ¼ Š·Š°Š¼ŠµŠ“Š»ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼.
Š Š²Š¾Ń Š¼ŠµŃ Š°Š½ŠøŃŠµŃŠŗŠøŠ¹ ŃŠ¼ŃŃŠ» Š²ŃŠµŠ³Š¾, ŃŃŠ¾ ŠæŃŠ¾ŠøŃŃ Š¾Š“ŠøŃ Š² ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠøŠµ Š¼Š³Š½Š¾Š²ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠ“Š°ŃŠ¾Š¼, Šø ŃŠ²Š¾Š“ŠøŃŃŃ Šŗ ŃŠ¾Š¼Ń, ŃŃŠ¾Š±Ń Š²ŃŃ Š¶ŠøŠ²ŃŃ ŃŠøŠ»Ń, Š½Š°ŠŗŠ¾ŠæŠ»ŠµŠ½Š½ŃŃ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŃŠøŠ¼ Š²ŃŠµŠ¼Šø Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŃŠ¼Šø ŃŃŠŗŠø, ŃŃŠ¾ŃŠ½Š¾ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŃŃ Š² Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ.
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