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Writer's pictureDaria Scherbakova

#HOWTO: HIT WITH A HAMMER. guidance for beginners (or even teapotsšŸ¤·ā€ā™‚ļø)

Updated: Apr 12, 2020


Comrades!


I do not yet have a single labor movement,


which would be as precisely


and thoroughly


developed in my laboratory as the hitting movement!




- let's get to know the biomechanics a little bit -


Look at these images:

Img. 76. Sequential positions of the right hand with a hammer when chopping with a chisel. The longitudinal axes of the shoulder, forearm and hands are represented by conventionally straight links. White links and hammers are swinging, black - hit. The time interval between adjacent positions is 1/15 sec. Diversionary blow



Img. 77. Sequential positions of the hand with a hammer in case of an incorrect (vertical) impact. The markings are the same as in Img. 76.




After watching pic. 77 and 76, you should have the undoubted impression that the diversionary blow is built easier than the vertical blow.

You can see in both pictures that the hammer is higher in the pitch movement than in the percussion movement. This is the inevitable thing, so the trajectory of the hammer head will always have the same characteristic shape that resembles a fish.


The final velocity of the striker before the impact with the correct movement should be approximately as many meters per second as decimeters long are the striker's stroke length. When you hit with one hand, usually 0.9 of the entire impact speed is at the expense of the muscles, and only about 0.1 - due to the fall of the hammer from a height.

It is obviously more advantageous to structure the movement so that the centre of gravity of the hand rises as little as possible.

The purpose of the impact is to achieve the known speed of the hammer. From this point of view, both the scope and speed of the hand should be as low as possible, as they do not bring immediate benefit. The swing and impact speed of the hammer should be as high as possible, and the recoil speed of the hammer again should not be high.





(Img. 81.) In this picture, pay attention to the huge tails that descend from each trajectory in the moment of impact down. It's a kickback, a hammer that takes off after the blow down. In these cases, not all of the hammer's live force is used to strike; a significant part of it is rebound; this part is the greater the inclination of the hammer's impact direction to the axis with the chisel. All this part is obviously lost on impact; moreover, it still has to be stopped by hand.



Img. 81. Cyclogram of chopping with a chisel. Vertical blow with a great kickback. Filmed by the author in CIT




On this cyclogram there's another superfluous movement here, much more formidable than the one we noticed when the hammer bounced off the chisel. It's a terrible thing because it's seen in all the vertical blows without exception. The hammer starts to gain speed on its impact path, accelerate, only when it starts to move along itself. The conclusion is this: the entire piece of swing associated with the hammer backward and the entire piece of impact movement that brings it back to a reasonable position is an unnecessary loss of time and energy.


Img. 82. Cyclogram of chopping with a chisel.

Vertical blow with exaggerated deep drift of the hammer.

Filmed by the author in CIT.



The swing is done by extension of the shoulder. At the same time, the elbow rotates and bends slightly. Starting from the middle of the swing, the arm starts to brake the hammer which has been thrown backwards elastically. The braking is done by slowly turning on the elbow extensor and the wide back muscle; at the very end of the swing, the tension of the leading muscles of the hand begins. By the end of the impact, the brush makes a sharp throw, consisting of a reduction and a small fraction of the supination. At the same time, the speed acquired by the forearm is slowed down by the elbow bender


Img.84.Skidding of the hand and hammer according to Norms Nos.4,6 and 8.View 1) rear, 2) right.


When the links of the arms begin to brake their flight, when the movement is correct, they are transmitted to the hammer: they brake, but the hammer, on the contrary, accelerates. The most recent period before the impact, which is expressed in the hammer's last and decisive flight, is accompanied by a sharp slowdown in all links of the hand.


And here is the mechanical meaning of everything that happens in the last moments before the impact, which comes down to the fact that all the living force accumulated before with all the links of the hand should be urgently transferred to the hammer.



Sources:

Bernstein N.A.

Biomechanics for instructors

Lecture 10-th

Publishing house: Moscow: New Moscow

Year: 1926

Retrieved from:

Ā 

Š¢Š¾Š²Š°Ń€ŠøщŠø!ŠÆ Š½Šµ рŠ°ŃŠæŠ¾Š»Š°Š³Š°ŃŽ ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ° чтŠ¾ Š½Šø Š¾Š“Š½ŠøŠ¼ труŠ“Š¾Š²Ń‹Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¾Šµ Š±Ń‹Š»Š¾ Š±Ń‹ тŠ°Šŗ Š¶Šµ тŠ¾Ń‡Š½Š¾ Šø ŠæŠ¾Š“рŠ¾Š±Š½Š¾ рŠ°Š·Ń€Š°Š±Š¾Ń‚Š°Š½Š¾ Š² Š¼Š¾ŠµŠ¹ Š»Š°Š±Š¾Ń€Š°Ń‚Š¾Ń€ŠøŠø, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š°.

Š Šøс. 76. ŠŸŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Šµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½Šøя ŠæрŠ°Š²Š¾Š¹ руŠŗŠø с Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ¾Š¼ ŠæрŠø руŠ±ŠŗŠµ Š·ŃƒŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. ŠŸŃ€Š¾Š“Š¾Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Šµ Š¾ŃŠø ŠæŠ»ŠµŃ‡Š°, ŠæрŠµŠ“ŠæŠ»ŠµŃ‡ŃŒŃ Šø ŠŗŠøстŠø ŠøŠ·Š¾Š±Ń€Š°Š¶ŠµŠ½Ń‹ усŠ»Š¾Š²Š½Š¾ ŠæряŠ¼Š¾Š»ŠøŠ½ŠµŠ¹Š½Ń‹Š¼Šø Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃŠ¼Šø. Š‘ŠµŠ»Ń‹Šµ Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃ Šø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠø ā€” Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń…, чŠµŃ€Š½Ń‹Šµ ā€” уŠ“Š°Ń€. ŠŸŃ€Š¾Š¼ŠµŠ¶ŃƒŃ‚Š¾Šŗ Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Šø Š¼ŠµŠ¶Š“у сŠ¼ŠµŠ¶Š½Ń‹Š¼Šø ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøяŠ¼Šø ā€” 1/15 сŠµŠŗ.

Š Šøс. 77. ŠŸŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Šµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½Šøя руŠŗŠø с Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ¾Š¼ ŠæрŠø Š½ŠµŠæрŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼ (Š²ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼) уŠ“Š°Ń€Šµ. ŠžŠ±Š¾Š·Š½Š°Ń‡ŠµŠ½Šøя тŠµ Š¶Šµ, чтŠ¾ Šø Š½Š° рŠøс. 76.


ŠŸŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŠæрŠ¾ŃŠ¼Š¾Ń‚Ń€Š° рŠøсуŠ½ŠŗŠ¾Š² 77 Šø 76 у Š²Š°Ń Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Š¾ Š¾ŃŃ‚Š°Ń‚ŃŒŃŃ Š½ŠµŃŠ¾Š¼Š½ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Šµ Š²ŠæŠµŃ‡Š°Ń‚Š»ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ, чтŠ¾ Š¾Ń‚Š²Š¾Š“Š½Š¾Š¹ уŠ“Š°Ń€ ŠæŠ¾ŃŃ‚Ń€Š¾ŠµŠ½ ŠæрŠ¾Ń‰Šµ, Š½ŠµŠ¶ŠµŠ»Šø уŠ“Š°Ń€ Š²ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹.

Š’Ń‹ Š²ŠøŠ“ŠøтŠµ, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½Š° тŠ¾Š¼, тŠ°Šŗ Šø Š½Š° Š“руŠ³Š¾Š¼ рŠøсуŠ½ŠŗŠµ, чтŠ¾ Š² Š·Š°Š¼Š°ŃˆŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ‚ Š²Ń‹ŃˆŠµ, чŠµŠ¼ Š² уŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø. Š­Ń‚Š¾ ŠµŃŃ‚ŃŒ Š²ŠµŃ‰ŃŒ Š½ŠµŠøŠ·Š±ŠµŠ¶Š½Š°Ń, ŠæŠ¾ŃŃ‚Š¾Š¼Ńƒ Š²ŃŠµŠ³Š“Š° трŠ°ŠµŠŗтŠ¾Ń€Šøя Š³Š¾Š»Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° Š±ŃƒŠ“ŠµŃ‚ ŠøŠ¼ŠµŃ‚ŃŒ ту Š¶Šµ хŠ°Ń€Š°ŠŗтŠµŃ€Š½ŃƒŃŽ фŠ¾Ń€Š¼Ńƒ, Š½Š°ŠæŠ¾Š¼ŠøŠ½Š°ŃŽŃ‰ŃƒŃŽ рыŠ±Ńƒ.

ŠšŠ¾Š½ŠµŃ‡Š½Š°Ń сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ Š±Š¾Š¹ŠŗŠ° ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š¾Š¼ ŠæрŠø ŠæрŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Š° сŠ¾ŃŃ‚Š°Š²Š»ŃŃ‚ŃŒ ŠæрŠøŠ±Š»ŠøŠ·ŠøтŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾ стŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾ Š¼ŠµŃ‚Ń€Š¾Š² Š² сŠµŠŗуŠ½Š“у, сŠŗŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾ Š“ŠµŃ†ŠøŠ¼ŠµŃ‚Ń€Š¾Š² ŠøŠ¼ŠµŠµŃ‚ Š² Š“Š»ŠøŠ½Ńƒ рŠ°Š·Š¼Š°Ń… Š±Š¾Š¹ŠŗŠ°. ŠŸŃ€Šø уŠ“Š°Ń€Šµ Š¾Š“Š½Š¾Š¹ руŠŗŠ¾Š¹ Š¾Š±Ń‹Ń‡Š½Š¾ 0,9 Š²ŃŠµŠ¹ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š¹ сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚Šø ŠæŠ¾Š»ŃƒŃ‡Š°ŠµŃ‚ся Š·Š° счŠµŃ‚ Š¼Ń‹ŃˆŃ†, Šø тŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾, ŠæрŠøŠ¼ŠµŃ€Š½Š¾, 0,1 ā€” Š·Š° счŠµŃ‚ ŠæŠ°Š“ŠµŠ½Šøя Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° с Š²Ń‹ŃŠ¾Ń‚Ń‹

Š’Ń‹Š³Š¾Š“Š½ŠµŠµ стрŠ¾Šøть Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ тŠ°Šŗ, чтŠ¾Š±Ń‹ цŠµŠ½Ń‚Ń€ тяŠ¶ŠµŃŃ‚Šø руŠŗŠø ŠæŠ¾Š“Š½ŠøŠ¼Š°Š»ŃŃ Š²Š¾Š·Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š¼ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃˆŠµ, Š° Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ Š² тŠ¾ Š¶Šµ сŠ°Š¼Š¾Šµ Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼Ń ā€” ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š±Š¾Š»ŃŒŃˆŠµ.

цŠµŠ»ŃŒ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š° сŠ¾ŃŃ‚Š¾Šøт Š² Š“Š¾ŃŃ‚ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø ŠøŠ·Š²ŠµŃŃ‚Š½Š¾Š¹ сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚Šø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ°. Š” этŠ¾Š¹ тŠ¾Ń‡ŠŗŠø Š·Ń€ŠµŠ½Šøя Šø рŠ°Š·Š¼Š°Ń…Šø, Šø сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚Šø Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½Šøя руŠŗŠø Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Ń‹ Š±Ń‹Ń‚ŃŒ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š¼ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃˆŠµ, тŠ°Šŗ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½ŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŃ€ŠµŠ“стŠ²ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Š¹ ŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠ·Ń‹ Š¾Š½Šø Š½Šµ ŠæрŠøŠ½Š¾ŃŃŃ‚. Š Š°Š·Š¼Š°Ń… Šø уŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š°Ń сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° Š“Š¾Š»Š¶Š½Ń‹ Š±Ń‹Ń‚ŃŒ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š½Š¾ Š±Š¾Š»ŃŒŃˆŠµ.


(рŠøс. 81.) ŠŠ° этŠ¾Š¼ сŠ½ŠøŠ¼ŠŗŠµ Š¾Š±Ń€Š°Ń‚ŠøтŠµ Š²Š½ŠøŠ¼Š°Š½ŠøŠµ Š½Š° Š¾Š³Ń€Š¾Š¼Š½Ń‹Šµ хŠ²Š¾ŃŃ‚Ń‹, ŠŗŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Ń€Ń‹Šµ сŠæусŠŗŠ°ŃŽŃ‚ся Š¾Ń‚ ŠŗŠ°Š¶Š“Š¾Š¹ трŠ°ŠµŠŗтŠ¾Ń€ŠøŠø Š² Š¼Š³Š½Š¾Š²ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š° Š²Š½ŠøŠ·. Š­Ń‚Š¾ Š¾Ń‚Š“Š°Ń‡Š°, Š¾Ń‚Š»ŠµŃ‚ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š° Š²Š½ŠøŠ·. Š’ этŠøх сŠ»ŃƒŃ‡Š°ŃŃ… Š½Šµ Š²ŃŃ Š¶ŠøŠ²Š°Ń сŠøŠ»Š° Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° ŠøсŠæŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠ·ŃƒŠµŃ‚ся Š“Š»Ń уŠ“Š°Ń€Š°; Š·Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøтŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š°Ń чŠ°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ ŠµŠµ ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ‚ Š½Š° Š¾Ń‚сŠŗŠ¾Šŗ; этŠ° чŠ°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ тŠµŠ¼ Š±Š¾Š»ŃŒŃˆŠµ, чŠµŠ¼ Š·Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøтŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½ŠµŠ¹ Š±Ń‹Š» Š½Š°ŠŗŠ»Š¾Š½ Š½Š°ŠæрŠ°Š²Š»ŠµŠ½Šøя уŠ“Š°Ń€Š° Šŗ Š¾ŃŠø Š·ŃƒŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. Š’ся этŠ° чŠ°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ, Š¾Ń‡ŠµŠ²ŠøŠ“Š½Š¾, ŠæрŠø уŠ“Š°Ń€Šµ тŠµŃ€ŃŠµŃ‚ся; Š¼Š°Š»Š¾ тŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠµŠµ ŠµŃ‰Šµ ŠæрŠøхŠ¾Š“Šøтся тŠ¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·Šøть руŠŗŠ¾Š¹.

Š Šøс. 81. Š¦ŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾Š³Ń€Š°Š¼Š¼Š° руŠ±ŠŗŠø Š·ŃƒŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. Š’ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹ уŠ“Š°Ń€ с Š±Š¾Š»ŃŒŃˆŠ¾Š¹ Š¾Ń‚Š“Š°Ń‡ŠµŠ¹. Š”Š½ŃŃ‚Š¾ Š°Š²Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¾Š¼ Š² Š¦Š˜Š¢'Šµ.

Š Šøс. 82. Š¦ŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾Š³Ń€Š°Š¼Š¼Š° руŠ±ŠŗŠø Š·ŃƒŠ±ŠøŠ»Š¾Š¼. Š’ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹ уŠ“Š°Ń€ с ŠæрŠµŃƒŠ²ŠµŠ»ŠøчŠµŠ½Š½Š¾-Š³Š»ŃƒŠ±Š¾ŠŗŠøŠ¼ Š·Š°Š½Š¾ŃŠ¾Š¼ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ°. Š”Š½ŃŃ‚Š¾ Š°Š²Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¾Š¼ Š² Š¦Š˜Š¢'Šµ.

ŠŠ° этŠ¾Š¹ цŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾Š³Ń€Š°Š¼Š¼Šµ сŠŗрыŠ²Š°ŠµŃ‚ся ŠµŃ‰Šµ Š¾Š“Š½Š¾ Š»ŠøшŠ½ŠµŠµ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ, Šø ŠæрŠøтŠ¾Š¼ Š³Š¾Ń€Š°Š·Š“Š¾ Š±Š¾Š»ŠµŠµ Š³Ń€Š¾Š·Š½Š¾Šµ, чŠµŠ¼ тŠ¾, ŠŗŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Ń€Š¾Šµ Š¼Ń‹ Š·Š°Š¼ŠµŃ‚ŠøŠ»Šø ŠæрŠø Š¾Ń‚сŠŗŠ¾ŠŗŠµ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° Š¾Ń‚ Š·ŃƒŠ±ŠøŠ»Š° Š²Š½ŠøŠ·. Š“Ń€Š¾Š·Š½Š¾Šµ Š¾Š½Š¾ ŠæŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Š¼Ńƒ, чтŠ¾ Š½Š°Š±Š»ŃŽŠ“Š°ŠµŃ‚ся уŠ¶Šµ Š²Š¾ Š²ŃŠµŃ… Š²ŠµŃ€Ń‚ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Ń… уŠ“Š°Ń€Š°Ń… Š±ŠµŠ· ŠøсŠŗŠ»ŃŽŃ‡ŠµŠ½Šøя. ŠœŠ¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃ‚ Š½Š° сŠ²Š¾ŠµŠ¼ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š¼ ŠæутŠø ŠæрŠøŠ¾Š±Ń€ŠµŃ‚Š°Ń‚ŃŒ сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ, рŠ°Š·Š³Š¾Š½ŃŃ‚ŃŒŃŃ, тŠ¾Š»ŃŒŠŗŠ¾ тŠ¾Š³Š“Š°, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½ Š½Š°Ń‡Š½ŠµŃ‚ Š“Š²ŠøŠ³Š°Ń‚ŃŒŃŃ Š²Š“Š¾Š»ŃŒ сŠ°Š¼Š¾Š³Š¾ сŠµŠ±Ń. Š’Ń‹Š²Š¾Š“ тŠ°ŠŗŠ¾Š²: Š²ŠµŃŃŒ ŠŗусŠ¾Šŗ Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń…Š°, сŠ²ŃŠ·Š°Š½Š½Ń‹Š¹ с Š·Š°Š²Š°Š»Š¾Š¼ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° Š½Š°Š·Š°Š“, Šø Š²ŠµŃŃŒ ŠŗусŠ¾Šŗ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š½Š¾Š³Š¾ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½Šøя, Š²Š¾Š·Š²Ń€Š°Ń‰Š°ŃŽŃ‰ŠøŠ¹ ŠµŠ³Š¾ Š¾Š±Ń€Š°Ń‚Š½Š¾ Š² рŠ°Š·ŃƒŠ¼Š½Š¾Šµ ŠæŠ¾Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ, ŠæрŠµŠ“стŠ°Š²Š»ŃŠµŃ‚ сŠ¾Š±Š¾ŃŽ Š½ŠµŠ½ŃƒŠ¶Š½ŃƒŃŽ ŠæŠ¾Ń‚ŠµŃ€ŃŽ Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Šø Šø сŠøŠ»Ń‹.

Š Šøс. 84. Š—Š°Š½Š¾Ń руŠŗŠø Šø Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° ŠæŠ¾ Š½Š¾Ń€Š¼Š°Š»ŃŠ¼ ā„–ā„– 4, 6 Šø 8. Š’ŠøŠ“ 1) сŠ·Š°Š“Šø, 2) сŠæрŠ°Š²Š°.

Š—Š°Š¼Š°Ń… сŠ¾Š²ŠµŃ€ŃˆŠ°ŠµŃ‚ся с ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾Ń‰ŃŒŃŽ рŠ°Š·Š³ŠøŠ±Š°Š½Šøя ŠæŠ»ŠµŃ‡Š°. ŠžŠ“Š½Š¾Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾ с этŠøŠ¼ ŠæрŠ¾ŠøсхŠ¾Š“Šøт Š²Ń€Š°Ń‰ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ Šø уŠ¼ŠµŃ€ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Šµ сŠ³ŠøŠ±Š°Š½ŠøŠµ Š»Š¾Šŗтя. ŠŠ°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°Ń, ŠæрŠøŠ¼ŠµŃ€Š½Š¾, с сŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“ŠøŠ½Ń‹ Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń…Š°, руŠŗŠ° Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃ‚ уŠæруŠ³Š¾ тŠ¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·Šøть рŠ°Š·Š»ŠµŃ‚ŠµŠ²ŃˆŠøŠ¹ŃŃ Š½Š°Š·Š°Š“ Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ. Š¢Š¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ Š¾ŃŃƒŃ‰ŠµŃŃ‚Š²Š»ŃŠµŃ‚ся Š¼ŠµŠ“Š»ŠµŠ½Š½Ń‹Š¼ Š²ŠŗŠ»ŃŽŃ‡ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼ рŠ°Š·Š³ŠøŠ±Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»Ń Š»Š¾Šŗтя Šø шŠøрŠ¾ŠŗŠ¾Š¹ Š¼Ń‹ŃˆŃ†Ń‹ сŠæŠøŠ½Ń‹; Š² сŠ°Š¼Š¾Š¼ ŠŗŠ¾Š½Ń†Šµ Š·Š°Š¼Š°Ń…Š° Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°ŠµŃ‚ся Š½Š°ŠæряŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ ŠæрŠøŠ²Š¾Š“ящŠøх Š¼Ń‹ŃˆŃ† ŠŗŠøстŠø. Šš ŠŗŠ¾Š½Ń†Ńƒ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š° ŠŗŠøсть Š“ŠµŠ»Š°ŠµŃ‚ рŠµŠ·ŠŗŠøŠ¹ Š±Ń€Š¾ŃŠ¾Šŗ, сŠ»Š°Š³Š°ŃŽŃ‰ŠøŠ¹ŃŃ ŠøŠ· ŠæрŠøŠ²ŠµŠ“ŠµŠ½Šøя Šø Š½ŠµŠ±Š¾Š»ŃŒŃˆŠ¾Š¹ Š“Š¾Š»Šø суŠæŠøŠ½Š°Ń†ŠøŠø. Š’ тŠ¾ Š¶Šµ Š²Ń€ŠµŠ¼Ń сŠŗŠ¾Ń€Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ, ŠæрŠøŠ¾Š±Ń€ŠµŃ‚ŠµŠ½Š½Š°Ń ŠæрŠµŠ“ŠæŠ»ŠµŃ‡ŃŒŠµŠ¼, тŠ¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·Šøтся с ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾Ń‰ŃŒŃŽ сŠ³ŠøŠ±Š°Ń‚ŠµŠ»Ń Š»Š¾Šŗтя.

ŠšŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃ руŠŗŠø Š½Š°Ń‡ŠøŠ½Š°ŃŽŃ‚ тŠ¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·Šøть сŠ²Š¾Š¹ ŠæŠ¾Š»ŠµŃ‚, тŠ¾ ŠæрŠø ŠæрŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼ Š“Š²ŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠø Š¶ŠøŠ²Š°Ń сŠøŠ»Š° Šøх ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“Š°ŠµŃ‚ся Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Šŗу: Š¾Š½Šø тŠ¾Ń€Š¼Š¾Š·ŃŃ‚ся, Š° Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ, Š½Š°Š¾Š±Š¾Ń€Š¾Ń‚, рŠ°Š·Š³Š¾Š½ŃŠµŃ‚ся. Š¢Š¾Ń‚ сŠ°Š¼Ń‹Š¹ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠøŠ¹ ŠæŠµŃ€ŠøŠ¾Š“ ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š¾Š¼, ŠŗŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Ń€Ń‹Š¹ Š²Ń‹Ń€Š°Š¶Š°ŠµŃ‚ся у Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠøŠ¼ Šø рŠµŃˆŠøтŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¼ рŠ°Š·Š»ŠµŃ‚Š¾Š¼, у Š²ŃŠµŃ… Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŠµŠ² руŠŗŠø сŠ¾ŠæрŠ¾Š²Š¾Š¶Š“Š°ŠµŃ‚ся рŠµŠ·ŠŗŠøŠ¼ Š·Š°Š¼ŠµŠ“Š»ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµŠ¼.

Š˜ Š²Š¾Ń‚ Š¼ŠµŃ…Š°Š½ŠøчŠµŃŠŗŠøŠ¹ сŠ¼Ń‹ŃŠ» Š²ŃŠµŠ³Š¾, чтŠ¾ ŠæрŠ¾ŠøсхŠ¾Š“Šøт Š² ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠøŠµ Š¼Š³Š½Š¾Š²ŠµŠ½Šøя ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“ уŠ“Š°Ń€Š¾Š¼, Šø сŠ²Š¾Š“Šøтся Šŗ тŠ¾Š¼Ńƒ, чтŠ¾Š±Ń‹ Š²ŃŃŽ Š¶ŠøŠ²ŃƒŃŽ сŠøŠ»Ńƒ, Š½Š°ŠŗŠ¾ŠæŠ»ŠµŠ½Š½ŃƒŃŽ ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“ этŠøŠ¼ Š²ŃŠµŠ¼Šø Š·Š²ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃŠ¼Šø руŠŗŠø, срŠ¾Ń‡Š½Š¾ ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠæрŠ°Š²Šøть Š² Š¼Š¾Š»Š¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ.

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